Svelte

Svelte 4: Unveiled Speed Enhancements and Developer-Centric Features

Jul 26, 2023

5 min read

Svelte 4: Unveiled Speed Enhancements and Developer-Centric Features

Svelte, a widely favored framework for building user interfaces, unveiled its much-anticipated version 4 on June 22. This major release, while paving the way for future advancements, brings a plethora of remarkable enhancements. Focusing on enriching the development experience and boosting performance, Svelte 4 is indeed reshaping the landscape of frontend development.

In this post, we'll delve into the specifics of this exciting release, covering the significant performance boosts, enriched developer tools and features, revamped websites, and simplified migration guide.

A Deeper Look at Performance Enhancements

Svelte 4 delivers remarkable improvements in performance, focusing on shrinking the Svelte package size, and enhancing hydration efficiency.

Streamlined Svelte Package

Svelte 4 has substantially slimmed down, reducing its overall package size from 10.6 MB to a sleek 2.8 MB - a 75% decrease. This reduction in dependencies from 61 to 16 not only lightens Svelte but also optimizes SvelteKit, significantly accelerating the REPL experience and npm install times. For instance, npm install times have been trimmed from over 5 minutes to less than a minute, a leap in quality that any developer will appreciate.

NPM I Before: before-npm-i

NPM I After: after-npm-i

Bundle Size Before: before-bundle-size

Bundle Size After: after-performance

Optimized Hydration and Performance Scores

Alongside the impressive package size reduction, Svelte 4 offers more efficient code hydration, reducing the generated code size for the SvelteKit website by nearly 13%. This leaner codebase contributes to higher performance on benchmarks like Google Lighthouse. The performance score for the new Svelte 4 starter on starter.dev has soared from 75% to a near perfect 95+%.

Overall, the performance enhancements introduced with Svelte 4 mean a faster, more efficient, and smoother developer experience.

Before: before-perfomance

After: after-performance (1)

Enhanced Developer Experience in Svelte 4

Localized Transitions

Transitions in Svelte 4 are local by default, preventing potential conflicts during page loading.

// Transitions are now local in Svelte 4
let transition = local(/* ... */);

Improved Web Component Authoring

Web Components authoring is simplified with the dedicated customElement attribute in svelte:options.

<svelte:options
  customElement={{
    tag: 'custom-element',
    shadow: 'none',
    props: {
      name: {
        reflect: true,
        type: 'Number',
        attribute: 'element-index'
      }
    }
  }}
/>

Stricter Type Enforcement

Svelte 4 introduces stricter types for createEventDispatcher, Action, ActionReturn, and onMount.

import { createEventDispatcher } from 'svelte';

const dispatch = createEventDispatcher<{
  optional: number | null;
  required: string;
  noArgument: null;
}>();

// Svelte version 3:
dispatch('optional');
dispatch('required'); // I can still omit the detail argument
dispatch('noArgument', 'surprise'); // I can still add a detail argument

// Svelte version 4 using TypeScript strict mode:
dispatch('optional');
dispatch('required'); // error, missing argument
dispatch('noArgument', 'surprise'); // error, cannot pass an argument

These changes collectively offer a streamlined, robust, and efficient coding experience.

Revamped Svelte Websites

With Svelte 4, the team has also revamped its main website, offering an improved and more user-friendly experience.

The Tutorial Website

The Svelte tutorial website has been overhauled for an enhanced learning journey. New improvements include a visible file structure, fewer elements in the navbar, smoother navigation between sections, and a new dark mode.

The Svelte Website

The primary Svelte website received a makeover too, including better mobile navigation, improved TypeScript documentation, and a handy dark mode.

These website updates aim to provide a more engaging, intuitive, and user-friendly experience for all Svelte users.

A Smooth Migration to Svelte 4

Transitioning from Svelte 3 to Svelte 4 is designed to be as straightforward as possible. The Svelte team has provided an updated migration tool to simplify this process.

Here is a step-by-step guide for the transition:

Run the Svelte migration tool.
```
npx svelte-migrate@latest svelte-4
```

Remove Svelte 3 packages.

npm uninstall @babel/core babel-loader @sveltejs/package svelte-loader

Update your eslintrc.json configuration file.

{
  "root": true,
  "parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser",
  "extends": [
    "eslint:recommended",
    "plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended",
    "plugin:svelte/recommended",
    "prettier",
    "plugin:storybook/recommended"
  ],
  "plugins": ["@typescript-eslint", "prettier"],
  "ignorePatterns": ["*.cjs"],
  "overrides": [
    {
      "files": ["*.svelte"],
      "parser": "svelte-eslint-parser",
      "parserOptions": {
        "parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser"
      }
    }
  ],
  "parserOptions": {
    "sourceType": "module",
    "ecmaVersion": 2020
  },
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2017": true,
    "node": true
  },
  "globals": {
    "NodeJS": true,
    "svelte": true
  }
}

Upgrade Storybook related packages to the latest v7. Note: as of the publishing of this article, the latest version is 7.0.26.

npx storybook@latest upgrade

Do note that the minimum version requirements have changed. You will now need:

NodeJS 16 or higher
SvelteKit 1.20.4 or higher
TypeScript 5 or higher

For more detailed instructions and information, please refer to the official Svelte 4 migration guide or you can take a look at our Svelte 4 starter kit on starter.dev.

The focus is to ensure a hassle-free transition, allowing developers to take advantage of the new features and enhancements Svelte 4 offers without significant obstacles.

Conclusion

Svelte 4, with its performance enhancements and streamlined development process, offers a new pinnacle in the realm of JavaScript frameworks. If you're keen on shifting from Svelte 3 to Svelte 4, a comprehensive migration guide is provided to facilitate a smooth transition.

For a quick start with Svelte 4, check out our ready-to-use Svelte Kit with SCSS Starter Kit. In addition, we've developed two showcases demonstrating Svelte 4's power:

Svelte Kit with SCSS & 7GUIs - A comprehensive demo showcasing various UI challenges.
GitHub Replica Showcase - A clone of the popular code hosting platform, GitHub, demonstrating the potential of Svelte 4 in building complex and high-performance web applications.

In conclusion, Svelte 4 brings numerous performance improvements and enriches the development experience, thereby increasing developer productivity and enabling the creation of more efficient applications. Its thoughtful design, alongside the streamlined migration process, is set to expand its adoption in the web development community.

This Dot is a consultancy dedicated to guiding companies through their modernization and digital transformation journeys. Specializing in replatforming, modernizing, and launching new initiatives, we stand out by taking true ownership of your engineering projects.

We love helping teams with projects that have missed their deadlines or helping keep your strategic digital initiatives on course. Check out our case studies and our clients that trust us with their engineering.

Ian Sam Mungai

@iansamz @iansamz

Harnessing the Power of Threlte - Building Reactive Three.js Scenes in Svelte

Introduction Web development has evolved to include immersive 3D experiences through libraries like Three.js. This powerful JavaScript library enables the creation of captivating 3D scenes within browsers. Three.js: The 3D Powerhouse Three.js democratizes 3D rendering, allowing developers of all skill levels to craft interactive 3D worlds. Svelte Ecosystem: Svelte Cubed and Svelthree The Svelte ecosystem presents solutions like Svelte Cubed and Svelthree, which bridges Svelte with Three.js, offering streamlined reactivity for 3D web experiences. Introducing Threlte v6: Uniting SvelteKit 1.0, Svelte 4, and TypeScript Threlte v6 is a rendering and component library for Svelte that seamlessly integrates Three.js. By harnessing TypeScript's types, it provides a robust and delightful coding experience. In this tutorial, we'll showcase Threlte's capabilities by building an engaging website header: an auto-rotating sphere that changes color on mouse down. Using Threlte v6, SvelteKit 1.0, and Three.js, we're set to create a visually stunning experience. Let's dive in! Setting up Threlte Before building our scene, we need to set up Threlte. We can scaffold a new project using the CLI or manually install Threlte in an existing project. Option 1: Scaffold a New Threlte Project Create a new SvelteKit project and install Threlte with: ` Option 2: Manual Installation For an existing project, select the necessary Threlte packages and install: ` Configuration adjustments for SvelteKit can be made in the "vite.config.js" file: ` With Threlte configured, we're ready to build our interactive sphere. In the next chapter, we'll lay the groundwork for our exciting 3D web experience! Exploring the Boilerplate of Threlte Upon scaffolding a new project using npm create threlte, a few essential boilerplate files are generated. In this chapter, we'll examine the code snippets from three of these files: lib/components/scene.svelte, routes/+page.svelte, and lib/components/app.svelte. 1. lib/components/scene.svelte: This file lays the foundation for our 3D scene. Here's a brief breakdown of its main elements: - Perspective Camera: Sets up the camera view with a specific field of view and position, and integrates OrbitControls for auto-rotation and zoom management. - Directional and Ambient Lights: Defines the lighting conditions to illuminate the scene. - Grid: A grid structure to represent the ground. - ContactShadows: Adds shadow effects to enhance realism. - Float: Wraps around 3D mesh objects and defines floating properties, including intensity and range. Various geometrical shapes like BoxGeometry, TorusKnotGeometry, and IcosahedronGeometry are included here. 2. routes/+page.svelte: This file handles the ui of the index page and imports all necessary components we need to bring our vibrant design to life. 3. lib/components/app.svelte: This file is where you would typically define the main application layout, including styling and embedding other components. Heading to the Fun Stuff With the boilerplate components explained, we're now ready to dive into the exciting part of building our interactive 3D web experience. In the next section, we'll begin crafting our auto-rotating sphere, and explore how Threlte's robust features will help us bring it to life. Creating a Rotating Sphere Scene In this chapter, we'll walk you through creating an interactive 3D sphere scene using Threlte. We'll cover setting up the scene, the sphere, the camera and lights, and finally the interactivity that includes a scaling effect and color changes. 1. Setting Up the Scene First, we need to import the required components and utilities from Threlte. ` 2. Setting Up the Sphere We'll create the 3D sphere using Threlte's and components. ` 1. : This is a component from Threlte that represents a 3D object, which in this case is a sphere. It's the container that holds the geometry and material of the sphere. 2. : This is the geometry of the sphere. It defines the shape and characteristics of the sphere. The args attribute specifies the parameters for the sphere's creation: - The first argument (1) is the radius of the sphere. - The second argument (32) represents the number of width segments. - The third argument (32) represents the number of height segments. 3. : This is the material applied to the sphere. It determines how the surface of the sphere interacts with light. The color attribute specifies the color of the material. In this case, the color is dynamic and defined by the sphereColor variable, which updates based on user interaction. The roughness attribute controls the surface roughness of the sphere, affecting how it reflects light. 3. Setting Up the Camera and Lights Next, we'll position the camera and add lights to create a visually appealing scene. ` 1. : This component represents the camera in the scene. It provides the viewpoint through which the user sees the 3D objects. The position attribute defines the camera's position in 3D space. In this case, the camera is positioned at (-10, 20, 10). The fov attribute specifies the field of view, which affects how wide the camera's view is. - makeDefault: This attribute makes this camera the default camera for rendering the scene. 2. : This component provides controls for easy navigation and interaction with the scene. It allows the user to pan, zoom, and orbit around the objects in the scene. The attributes within the component configure its behavior: - enableZoom: Disables zooming using the mouse scroll wheel. - enablePan: Disables panning the scene. - enableDamping: Enables a damping effect that smoothens the camera's movement. - autoRotate: Enables automatic rotation of the camera around the scene. - autoRotateSpeed: Defines the speed of the auto-rotation. 3. : This component represents a directional light source in the scene. It simulates light coming from a specific direction. The attributes within the component configure the light's behavior: - intensity: Specifies the intensity of the light. - position.x and position.y: Define the position of the light source in the scene. 4. : This component represents an ambient light source in the scene. It provides even lighting across all objects in the scene. The intensity attribute controls the strength of the ambient light. 4. Interactivity: Scaling and Color Changes Now we'll add interactivity to the sphere, allowing it to scale and change color in response to user input. First, we'll import the required utilities for animation and set up a spring object to manage the scale. ` We'll update the sphere definition to include scaling: ` Lastly, we'll add code to update the color of the sphere based on the mouse's position within the window. ` We have successfully created a rotating sphere scene with scaling and color-changing interactivity. By leveraging Threlte's capabilities, we have built a visually engaging 3D experience that responds to user input, providing a dynamic and immersive interface. Adding Navigation and Scroll Prompt in app.svelte In this chapter, we'll add a navigation bar and a scroll prompt to our scene. The navigation bar provides links for user navigation, while the scroll prompt encourages the user to interact with the content. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of the code: 1. Importing the Canvas and Scene The Canvas component from Threlte serves as the container for our 3D scene. We import our custom Scene component to render within the canvas. ` 2. Embedding the 3D Scene The Canvas component wraps the Scene component to render the 3D content. It is positioned absolutely to cover the full viewport, and the z-index property ensures that it's layered behind the navigation elements. ` 3. Adding the Navigation Bar We use a element to create a horizontal navigation bar at the top of the page. It contains a home link and two navigation list items. The styling properties ensure that the navigation bar is visually appealing and positioned correctly. ` 4. Adding the Scroll Prompt We include a "Give a scroll" prompt with an element to encourage user interaction. It's positioned near the bottom of the viewport and styled for readability against the background. ` 5. Styling the Components Finally, the provided CSS styles control the positioning and appearance of the canvas, navigation bar, and scroll prompt. The CSS classes apply appropriate color, font, and layout properties to create a cohesive and attractive design. ` Head to the github repo to view the full code. Check out the result: https://threlte6-spinning-ball.vercel.app/ Conclusion We've successfully added navigation and a scroll prompt to our Threlte project in the app.svelte file. By layering 2D HTML content with a 3D scene, we've created an interactive user interface that combines traditional web design elements with immersive 3D visuals....

Aug 14, 2023

6 mins

Svelte

Introducing the SolidStart, TanStack Query and Tailwind CSS Starter kit

We are delighted to announce our SolidStart + TanStack + Tailwind Starter Kit on Starter.dev to help you build your next project with SolidStart, TanStack Solid Query, and Tailwind CSS in no time. In this article, we will walk you through the kit and how it is great for building your next project. Why SolidStart? Solid.js is a really cool new framework with a lot of amazing features. Its syntax is mostly like React syntax. However, they work in completely different ways behind the scenes. Solid.js is a declarative, component-based library for building user interfaces. It is a highly customizable, low-level framework that gives you all of the building blocks you need to build bespoke designs without any opinionated styles that you have to fight to override. SolidStart is a meta-framework that helps you build your Solid.js apps with ease. It supports Client-side rendering, Server-side rendering, Streaming SSR, and Static site generation. Vite Vite is a new frontend build tool that significantly improves the frontend development experience. It consists of two major parts: - A dev server that provides rich feature enhancements over native ES Module imports (e.g. module hot-reloading, proper dependency analysis, etc). - A build command that bundles your code with Rollup, pre-configured to output highly optimized static assets for production. Vite is designed from the ground up for the es-module era, and as such, it doesn't require a bundler like webpack or Parcel during development. It also doesn't require a complicated configuration file like snowpack. Instead, it leverages the browser's native support for ES modules (i.e. native ES imports) and the new spec proposal for importing CSS as modules. This means that Vite can provide instant feedback during development, and also enables features that are simply impossible with other tools, such as server-side rendering and static site generation. Vite is designed to be framework-agnostic. It is not opinionated about your choice of framework, and it is also framework-agnostic in the sense that it doesn't require you to use a specific framework-specific toolchain. You can use Vite with any framework that supports native ES imports, including React, Vue, Svelte, Angular, and even vanilla JS. Vite is also designed to be plugin-based. It is built on top of Rollup, which is a powerful and flexible bundler. However, Vite is not a wrapper around Rollup. Instead, it is a plugin-based build tool that uses Rollup under the hood. This means that you can use any Rollup plugin with Vite, and you can also create your own Vite plugins to customize Vite's behavior. Why Tanstack? TanStack is a full-stack framework for building web applications with Solid, Tailwind CSS, and TypeScript. It is a highly customizable, low-level framework that gives you all of the building blocks you need to build bespoke designs without any annoying opinionated styles that you have to fight to override. Why Tailwind CSS? Tailwind CSS is a utility-first CSS framework for rapidly building custom user interfaces. It is a highly customizable, low-level CSS framework that gives you all of the building blocks you need to build bespoke designs without any annoying opinionated styles you have to fight to override. Testing This kit comes with Vitest pre-configured. Vitest is a tool that is built with Vite in mind from the start, taking advantage of its improvements in DX, like its instant Hot Module Reload (HMR). This is Vitest, a blazing fast unit-test framework powered by Vite. It's a great alternative to Jest. It's fast and easy to use. Conclusion SolidStart is still in the beta phase. However, it has a lot of good DX improvements. This kit is great if you want to build a fast and lightweight fullstack web application. It provides you with everything you need from backend to frontend, even data caching and Tailwind configurations with two examples out of the box. For more SolidJS resources, check our solidjs.framework.dev, where you can find courses, tutorials, and libraries for SolidJS. Also, you can create your next SolidJS project. Try our SolidJS starter kit from Starter.dev. It has a lot of tools pre-configured for you. If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to send them to us or reach out to us on Twitter....

Mar 20, 2023

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Svelte

Avoiding Null and Undefined with NonNullable<T> in TypeScript

Use Cases Use Case 1: Adding Two Numbers Scenario: A function that adds two numbers and returns their sum. But if one of the numbers is undefined or null, it returns the other number as-is. ` In this code snippet, the addNumbers() function takes two parameters, a and b. a is a required parameter of type number, while b is an optional parameter of type number or null. The function uses the NonNullable<T> conditional type to ensure that the return value is not null or undefined. If b is null or undefined, the function returns the value of a. Otherwise, it adds a and b together and returns the sum. To handle the case where b is null or undefined, the code uses the nullish coalescing operator, ??, which returns the value on its left-hand side if it is not null or undefined, and the value on its right-hand side otherwise. Use Case 2: Checking Contact Information Scenario: A class representing a person, but with optional email and phone properties. The contact() function logs the email and phone numbers if they are defined and not null. Otherwise, it logs a message saying that no contact information is available. ` Explanation: In this code snippet, the Person class has a name property and optional email and phone properties. The contact() function checks if both email and phone are not undefined and not null before logging the details. Otherwise, it logs a message saying that no contact information is available. To initialize the properties with null, the constructor uses the nullish coalescing operator, ??. When creating a new Person, you can pass null or undefined as arguments, and the class will interpret them as null. Conclusion Understanding and correctly implementing conditional types like NonNullable<T> in TypeScript is crucial to reduce potential code pitfalls. By reviewing examples of numerical operations and contact information handling, we've seen how this conditional type helps reinforce our code against null or undefined values. This highlights the utility of TypeScript's conditional types not only for enhancing code stability, but also for easing our coding journey. So keep experimenting and finding the best ways to deploy these tools for creating robust, secure, and efficient programs!...

Jun 9, 2023

2 mins

NextJSAWS

Understanding Vue.js's <Suspense> and Async Components

In this blog post, we will delve into how and async components work, their benefits, and practical implementation strategies to make your Vue.js applications more efficient and user-friendly. Without further ado, let’s get started! Suspense Let's kick off by explaining what Suspense components are. They are a new component that helps manage how your application handles components that need to await for some async resource to resolve, like fetching data from a server, waiting for images to load, or any other task that might take some time to complete before they can be properly rendered. Imagine you're building a web page that needs to load data from a server, and you have 2 components that fetch the data you need as they will show different things. Typically, you might see a loading spinner or a skeleton while the data is being fetched. Suspense components make it easier to handle these scenarios. Instead of manually managing loading states and error messages for each component that needs to fetch data, Suspense components let you wrap all these components together. Inside this wrapper, you can define: 1. What to show while the data is loading (like a loading spinner). 2. The actual content that should be displayed once the data is successfully fetched. This way, Vue Suspense simplifies the process of handling asynchronous operations (like data fetching) and improves the user (and the developer) experience by providing a more seamless and integrated way to show loading states and handle errors. There are two types of async dependencies that can wait on: - Components with an async setup() hook. This includes components using with top-level await expressions. *Note: These can only be used within a component.* - Async Components. Async components Vue's asynchronous components are like a smart loading system for your web app. Imagine your app as a big puzzle. Normally, you'd put together all the pieces at once, which can take time. But what if some pieces aren't needed right away? Asynchronous components help with this. Here's how they work: - Load Only What's Needed: Just like only picking up puzzle pieces you need right now, asynchronous components let your app load only the parts that are immediately necessary. Other parts can be loaded later, as needed. - Faster Start: Your app starts up faster because it doesn't have to load everything at once. It's like quickly starting with the border of a puzzle and filling in the rest later. - Save Resources: It uses your web resources (like internet data) more wisely, only grabbing what’s essential when it's essential. In short, asynchronous components make your app quicker to start and more efficient, improving the overall experience for your users. Example: ` Combining Async Components and Suspense Let's explore how combining asynchronous components with Vue's Suspense feature can enhance your application. When asynchronous components are used with Vue's Suspense, they form a powerful combination. The key point is that async components are "suspensable" by default. This means they can be easily integrated with Suspense to improve how your app handles loading and rendering components. When used together, you can do the following things: - Centralized Loading and Error Handling: With Suspense, you don't have to handle loading and error states individually for each async component. Instead, you can define a single loading indicator or error message within the Suspense component. This unified approach simplifies your code and ensures consistency across different parts of your app. - Flexible and Clean Code Structure: By combining async components with Suspense, your code becomes more organized and easier to maintain. An asynchronous component has the flexibility to operate independently of Suspense's oversight. By setting suspensible: false in its options, the component takes charge of its own loading behavior. This means that instead of relying on Suspense to manage when it appears, the component itself dictates its loading state and presentation. This option is particularly useful for components that have specific loading logic or visuals they need to maintain, separate from the broader Suspense-driven loading strategy in the application. In practice, this combo allows you to create a user interface that feels responsive and cohesive. Users see a well-timed loading indicator while the necessary components are being fetched, and if something goes wrong, a single, well-crafted error message is displayed. It's like ensuring that the entire puzzle is either revealed in its completed form or not at all rather than showing disjointed parts at different times. How it works When a component inside the boundary is waiting for something asynchronous, shows fallback content. This fallback content can be anything you choose, such as a loading spinner or a message indicating that data is being loaded. Example Usage Let’s use a simple example: In the visual example provided, imagine we have two Vue components: one showcasing a selected Pokémon, Eevee, and a carousel showcasing a variety of other Pokémon. Both components are designed to fetch data asynchronously. Without , while the data is being fetched, we would typically see two separate loading indicators: one for the Eevee Pokemon that is selected and another for the carousel. This can make the page look disjointed and be a less-than-ideal user experience. We could display a single, cohesive loading indicator by wrapping both components inside a boundary. This unified loading state would persist until all the data for both components—the single Pokémon display and the carousel—has been fetched and is ready to be rendered. Here's how you might structure the code for such a scenario: ` Here, is the component that's performing asynchronous operations. While loading, the text 'Loading...' is displayed to the user. Great! But what about when things don't go as planned and an error occurs? Currently, Vue's doesn't directly handle errors within its boundary. However, there's a neat workaround. You can use the onErrorCaptured() hook in the parent component of to catch and manage errors. Here's how it works: ` If we run this code, and let’s say that we had an error selecting our Pokemon, this is how it is going to display to the user: The error message is specifically tied to the component where the issue occurred, ensuring that it's the only part of your application that shows an error notification. Meanwhile, the rest of your components will continue to operate and display as intended, maintaining the overall user experience without widespread disruption. This targeted error handling keeps the application's functionality intact while indicating where the problem lies. Conclusion stands out as a formidable feature in Vue.js, transforming the management of asynchronous operations into a more streamlined and user-centric process. It not only elevates the user experience by ensuring smoother interactions during data loading phases but also enhances code maintainability and application performance. I hope you found this blog post enlightening and that it adds value to your Vue.js projects. As always, happy coding and continue to explore the vast possibilities Vue.js offers to make your applications more efficient and engaging!...

Apr 24, 2024

6 mins

VueWeb PerformanceUXJavaScript

Svelte 4: Unveiled Speed Enhancements and Developer-Centric Features

Svelte 4: Unveiled Speed Enhancements and Developer-Centric Features

A Deeper Look at Performance Enhancements

Streamlined Svelte Package

Optimized Hydration and Performance Scores

Enhanced Developer Experience in Svelte 4

Localized Transitions

Improved Web Component Authoring

Stricter Type Enforcement

Revamped Svelte Websites

The Tutorial Website

The Svelte Website

A Smooth Migration to Svelte 4

Conclusion

Ian Sam Mungai

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Understanding Vue.js's <Suspense> and Async Components

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Harnessing the Power of Threlte - Building Reactive Three.js Scenes in Svelte

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Avoiding Null and Undefined with NonNullable<T> in TypeScript

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