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Tag and Release Your Project with GitHub Actions Workflows

Aug 11, 2023

9 min read

Tag and Release your project with GitHub Actions Workflows

GitHub Actions is a powerful automation tool that enables developers to automate various workflows in their repositories. One common use case is to automate the process of tagging and releasing new versions of a project. This ensures that your project's releases are properly versioned, documented, and published in a streamlined manner. In this blog post, we will walk you through two GitHub Actions workflows that can help you achieve this.

Understanding GitHub Tags and Releases

GitHub tags and releases are essential features that help manage and communicate the progress and milestones of a project. Let's take a closer look at what they are, why they are useful, and how they can be used effectively.

GitHub Tags

A GitHub tag is a specific reference point in a repository's history that marks a significant point of development, such as a release or a specific commit. Tags are typically used to identify specific versions of a project. They are lightweight and do not contain any additional metadata by default.

Tags are useful for several reasons:

Versioning: Tags allow you to assign meaningful version numbers to your project, making it easier to track and reference specific releases.
Stability: By tagging stable versions of your project, you can provide users with a reliable and tested codebase.
Collaboration: Tags enable contributors to work on specific versions of the project, ensuring that everyone is on the same page.

GitHub Releases

GitHub releases are a way to package and distribute specific versions of your project to users. A release typically includes the source code, compiled binaries, documentation, and release notes. Releases provide a convenient way for users to access and download specific versions of your project.

Releases offer several benefits:

Communication: Releases allow you to communicate important information about the changes, improvements, and bug fixes included in a specific version.
Distribution: By packaging your project into a release, you make it easier for users to download and use your software.
Documentation: Including release notes in a release helps users understand the changes made in each version and any potential compatibility issues.

Effective Use of Tags and Releases

To make the most of GitHub tags and releases, consider the following tips:

Semantic Versioning: Follow a consistent versioning scheme, such as semantic versioning (e.g., MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH), to clearly communicate the nature of changes in each release.
Release Notes: Provide detailed and concise release notes that highlight the key changes, bug fixes, and new features introduced in each version. This helps users understand the impact of the changes and make informed decisions.
Release Automation: Automate the release process using workflows, like the one described in this blog post, to streamline the creation of tags and releases. This saves time and reduces the chances of human error.

By leveraging GitHub tags and releases effectively, you can enhance collaboration, improve communication, and provide a better experience for users of your project.

The Goal

The idea is to have a GitHub action that, once triggered, updates our project's version, creates a new tag for our repository, and pushes the updates to the main branch. Unfortunately, the main branch is a protected branch, and it's not possible to directly push changes to a protected branch through a GitHub action. Therefore, we need to go through a pull request on the main branch, which, once merged, will apply the changes due to the version update to the main branch.

We had to split the workflow into two different GitHub actions: one that creates a pull request towards the main branch with the necessary code changes to update the repository's version, and another one that creates a new tag and releases the updated main branch. This way, we have one additional click to perform (the one required to merge the PR), but we also have an intermediate step where we can verify that the version update has been carried out correctly.

Let’s dive into these two workflows.

Update version and create Release's PR Workflow

name: Update version and create Release's PR Workflow

on:
	workflow_dispatch:
		inputs:
	    version:
		    description: 'Version name'
		    required: true
		    default: 'minor'
		    type: choice
		    options:
		      - major
		      - minor
		      - patch

jobs:
	version:
	    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
	    steps:
	      - name: Checkout code
	        uses: actions/checkout@v3
	      - name: Setup Node.js
	        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
	        with:
	          node-version: "16.x"
	      - name: Install dependencies
	        run: npm install
		  - name: Set up Git
		    run: |
	          git config user.name "Your GitHub User Name"
	          git config user.email "Your GitHub User Email"
	      - name: Update the version
	        id: update_version
	        run: |
	          echo "version=$(npm version ${{ github.event.inputs.version }} --no-git-				  	tag-version)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
	      - name: Update Changelog
		    id: update_changelog
	        run: |
	          sed -i 's/Unreleased/${{ steps.update_version.outputs.version }}/g'   CHANGELOG.md
	      - name: Create pull request
	        id: create_pr
	        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v5
	        with:
	          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
	          branch: release/${{ steps.update_version.outputs.version }}
	          title: "Release: ${{ steps.update_version.outputs.version }} Pull Request"
	          body: "This pull request contains the updated package.json with the new   	release version"
	          base: main

Walkthrough:

Step 1: Define the Workflow

The workflow starts with specifying the workflow name and the event that triggers it using the on keyword. In this case, the workflow is triggered manually using the "workflow_dispatch" event, which means it can be run on-demand by a user. Additionally, the workflow accepts an input parameter called "version," which allows the user to specify the type of version bump (major, minor, or patch). The workflow_dispatch event allows the user to set the "version" input when running the workflow.

Step 2: Prepare the Environment

The workflow will run on an Ubuntu environment (ubuntu-latest) using a series of steps under the jobs section. The first job is named "version."

Step 3: Checkout the Code

The workflow starts by checking out the code of the repository using the actions/checkout@v3 action. This step ensures that the workflow has access to the latest codebase before making any modifications.

Step 4: Set up Node.js

Next, the workflow sets up the Node.js environment using the actions/setup-node@v3 action and specifying the Node.js version 16.x. It's essential to use the appropriate Node.js version required by your project to avoid compatibility issues.

Step 5: Install Dependencies

To ensure the project's dependencies are up-to-date, the workflow runs npm install to install the necessary packages as defined in the package.json file.

Step 6: Configure Git

To perform version bump and create a pull request, the workflow configures Git with a user name and email. This allows Git to identify the author when making changes in the repository.

Step 7: Update the Version

The workflow now performs the actual version bump using the npm version command. The new version is determined based on the "version" input provided when running the workflow. The updated version number is stored in an output variable named update_version, which can be referenced later in the workflow.

Step 8: Update the Changelog

After bumping the version, the workflow updates the CHANGELOG.md file to reflect the new release version. It replaces the placeholder "Unreleased" with the updated version using the sed command. [We will return to this step later]

Step 9: Create a Pull Request

Finally, the workflow creates a pull request using the peter-evans/create-pull-request@v5 action. This action automatically creates a pull request with the changes made in the workflow. The pull request will have a branch name following the pattern "release/", where <version> corresponds to the updated version number.

The outcome of this workflow will be a new open PR in the project with package.json and CHANGELOG.md file changed. [we will speak about the changelog file later]

Now we can check if the changes are good, approve the PR and merge it into main. Merge a PR with a title that starts with "Release:" automatically triggers the second workflow

Tag & Release Workflow

name: Tag and Release Workflow

on:
	pull_request:
	types:
		- closed

jobs:
	release:
	runs-on: ubuntu-latest
	if: startsWith(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Release:')
	steps:
		- name: Checkout code
		uses: actions/checkout@v3
		- name: Setup Node.js
		uses: actions/setup-node@v3
		with:
			node-version: "16.x"
		- name: Install dependencies
		run: npm install
		- name: Build
		run: npm run build
		- name: Set up Git
		run: |
			git config user.name "Yout GitHub User name"
			git config user.email "Your GitHub User email"
		- name: Get tag
		id: get_tag
		run: |
			git branch --show-current
			git pull
			echo "version=v$(npm pkg get version | tr -d '\"')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
		- name: Tag the commit
		run: |
			next_version=${{ steps.get_tag.outputs.version }}
			git tag -a "$next_version" -m "Version $next_version"
			git push --follow-tags
		- name: Create changelog diff
		id: changelog_diff
		run: |
			sed -n "/^## \[${{ steps.get_tag.outputs.version }}\]/,/^## \[$(git describe --abbrev=0 --tags $(git rev-list --tags --skip=1 --max-count=1))\]/{/^## \[$(git describe --abbrev=0 --tags $(git rev-list --tags --skip=1 --max-count=1))\]/!p;}" CHANGELOG.md > release_notes.md
		- name: Create release
		id: create_release
		uses: actions/create-release@v1
		env:
			GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
		with:
			tag_name: ${{ steps.get_tag.outputs.version }}
			release_name: Release ${{ steps.get_tag.outputs.version }}
			body_path: ./release_notes.md
			draft: false
			prerelease: false
		- name: Delete release_notes file
		run: rm release_notes.md

Walkthrough:

As you can see we added a check for the PR title before starting the job once the PR is merged and closed. Only the PRs with a title that starts with "Release:" will trigger the workflow. The first three steps are the same as the one described in the previous workflow: we check out the code from the repository, we set up node and we install dependencies. Let's start with:

Step 4: Check formatting

To maintain code quality, we run the npm run format:check command to check if the code adheres to the specified formatting rules. This step helps catch any formatting issues before proceeding further.

Step 5: Build

The npm run build command is executed in this step to build the project. This step is particularly useful for projects that require compilation or bundling before deployment.

Step 6: Set up Git

To perform Git operations, such as tagging and pushing changes, we need to configure the Git user's name and email. This step ensures that the correct user information is associated with the Git actions performed later in the workflow.

Step 7: Get tag

In this step, we retrieve the current version of the project from the package.json file. The version is then stored in an output variable called get_tag.outputs.version for later use.

Step 8: Tag the commit

Using the version obtained in the previous step, we create a Git tag for the commit. The tag is annotated with a message indicating the version number. Finally, we push the tag and associated changes to the repository.

Step 9: Create changelog diff

To generate release notes, we extract the relevant changelog entries from the CHANGELOG.md file.

This step helps summarize the changes made since the previous release. (We will return to this step later)

Step 10: Create release

Using the actions/create-release action, we create a new release on GitHub. The release is associated with the tag created in the previous step, and the release notes are provided in the body of the release.

Step 11: Delete release_notes file

Finally, we delete the temporary release_notes.md file created in Step 9. This step helps keep the repository clean and organized.

Once also the second workflow is finished our project is tagged and the new release has been created.

The "Changelog Steps"

As you can see the release notes are automatically filled, with a detailed description of what has been added, fixed, or updated in the project.

This was made possible thanks to the "Changelog steps" in our workflows, but to use them correctly, we need to pay attention to a couple of things while developing our project.

Firstly, to the format of the CHANGELOG.md file. This will be our generic template:

But the most important aspect, in addition to keeping the file up to date during developments by adding the news or improvements we are making to the code under their respective sections, is that every time we start working on a new project release, we begin the paragraph with ## [Unreleased].

This is because, in the first workflow, the step related to the changelog will replace the word "Unreleased" with the newly created project version. In the subsequent workflow, we will create a temporary file (which will then be deleted in the latest step of the workflow), where we will extract the part of the changelog file related to the new version and populate the release notes with it.

Conclusion

Following these Tag and Release Workflows, you can automate the process of creating releases for your GitHub projects. This workflow saves time, ensures consistency, and improves collaboration among team members. Remember to customize the workflow to fit your project's specific requirements and enjoy the benefits of streamlined release management.

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Ensuring Accurate Workflow Status in GitHub for Enhanced Visibility

Introduction In the world of software development, GitHub workflows are crucial for automating CI/CD processes. However, a key challenge emerges when these workflows report a 'success' despite underlying issues, like failed tests. This is especially common in scenarios involving tests (e.g., Cypress) and notifications (e.g., Slack) within the same workflow. This blog post aims to highlight the importance of accurate GitHub workflow statuses for better visibility and team response, and how to ensure your workflows reflect the true outcome of their runs. The Problem with Misleading Workflow Statuses Consider a scenario in a GitHub workflow where end-to-end tests are run using Cypress. ` If these tests fail, but the workflow proceeds to a subsequent step, like sending a notification via Slack, which completes successfully, the entire workflow might still show a green checkmark. This misleading success status suggests everything is functioning as intended, when in fact, there could be significant underlying issues. The core issue is the determination of workflow success. Even if critical steps like testing fail, later steps without errors can override this, resulting in a false sense of security. This not only delays bug detection but can also lead to faulty code advancing in the CI/CD pipeline. It's crucial for the overall workflow status to accurately reflect failures in critical steps to ensure prompt and appropriate responses to issues. Crafting a Solution and Best Practices Ensuring Accurate Status Reporting To address the issue of misleading workflow statuses, it’s essential to configure your GitHub Actions properly. The goal is to ensure that the workflow accurately reflects the success or failure of critical tasks, such as running tests, regardless of the success of subsequent steps. Adjusting the Workflow Conditional Notifications: First, set up notifications to execute conditionally based on the outcome of critical steps. This ensures you're alerted of the workflow status without altering the overall result. For example, sending a Slack message if a Cypress test fails: ` Explicit Failure Handling: After configuring conditional notifications, explicitly handle failure scenarios. If a critical step like a Cypress test fails, force the workflow to exit with a failure status. This step is crucial to ensure that the overall workflow reflects the true status: ` Best Practices: Clear Step Separation: Clearly separate and label each step in your workflow for easier readability and troubleshooting. Regular Reviews: Periodically review your workflows to ensure they are aligned with the latest project requirements and best practices. Document Workflow Logic: Maintain documentation for your workflows, especially for complex ones, to aid in understanding and future modifications. By first setting up conditional notifications and then enforcing explicit failure handling, you maintain both alertness to issues and accuracy in workflow status. This approach ensures that failures in critical steps like tests are not overshadowed by subsequent successful steps, keeping the reported status of your workflow true to its actual state. Conclusion Accurate GitHub workflow statuses are vital for a transparent and efficient CI/CD process. By implementing conditional notifications and explicit failure handling, we ensure that our workflows truthfully represent the success or failure of critical tasks. This not only fosters better issue awareness and response but also upholds the integrity of our development practices. Embrace these steps as part of your commitment to maintaining clear and reliable automation processes in your projects. Happy coding!...

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While it provided a solid method for consumers to access protected resources without user credentials, it had complexities, such as the need for cryptographic libraries for request signing. Recognizing these challenges, the community introduced OAuth2 in 2012. OAuth2 simplified many aspects, eliminating the need for cryptographic signatures and emphasizing bearer tokens, which are easier to manage. OAuth2 provides flexibility with various methods of obtaining access tokens suitable for different application types. OAuth2 Steps Explained Using GitHub To explain how OAuth2 works, it's best to describe the entire process step-by-step. It's challenging to do this without code, so we'll reference our starter.dev backend showcase, which illustrates integrating a serverless backend with GitHub as an OAuth2 provider. Although the steps below are tailored to GitHub's OAuth2 implementation, it's important to note that the core flow is consistent across most OAuth2 services. For most of these services, you'll only need to adjust elements like URLs, query parameter names, and so on. Also, please note that our starter.dev backend showcase is designed to be deployed on Netlify. As such, all the API endpoints run as Netlify functions. When running the app locally, you must prepend the URL path with /.netlify/functions/server to access these endpoints. This step is unnecessary for the deployed version; API endpoints can be accessed directly (e.g., /api/auth/signin instead of /.netlify/functions/server/api/auth/signin) due to the redirects configured in the netlify.toml file. Step 0: Creating the App on GitHub The first step is to create your app with the provider. For GitHub, this is done on the Settings / Developer Settings / OAuth Apps page. This step is essential so that the provider can identify your app and possibly manage service-level parameters, like rate limits. In the screenshot above, when registering our app on GitHub, the authorization callback URL is a local URL. This is suitable for local development. However, in production, it should be a public API endpoint accessible to GitHub, like an API endpoint on Netlify. After registering the app, you'll receive a public client ID for your app and will need to generate a client secret (which should stay private). The client secret, used alongside the client ID, helps authenticate your application when trading an authorization code for an access token. Essentially, the client secret assures GitHub that the request for an access token genuinely comes from your app and not a malicious actor. Step 1: App Sends User to GitHub for Authorization The first step in the OAuth2 flow typically involves the user clicking a "Log in with GitHub" button on our web app or something similar. This action redirects the user from the web app to the OAuth2 provider's page (in this case, GitHub). For GitHub, the base URL for such a page is https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize, followed by query parameters that provide more details about the app. These parameters usually include the client ID — a mandatory identifier for your app — and several optional parameters, such as the redirect URI (where GitHub will send the user back) and scope (defining the permissions you're requesting). In our starter.dev example, clicking the "Log in with GitHub" button should lead the user to the /api/auth/signin route in our app. This route generates the GitHub authorization URL, populating it with all the necessary query parameters, and then redirects the user to that URL using a standard HTTP 303 redirect. ` Step 2: User Grants Permission In this step, the user arrives at the provider's authorization page and sees a prompt asking if they allow your app to access the specified data. The user can either approve or decline this request. For our scenario, this page would appear as follows: If either the cancel or authorize button is clicked, GitHub will invoke the callback URL specified when registering the app on GitHub. However, if the authorize button is clicked, GitHub will also send a one-time-use code query parameter that can be used to get the access token. Step 3: App Receives an Authorization Code After the user grants permission, GitHub redirects them to the specified callback URL. Attached to this URL is a one-time-use code query parameter. ` Step 3: App Exchanges Authorization Code for Access Token With this code, the app needs to make a POST request to the GitHub API to exchange the code for an access token. As shown below, the app sends the client ID, client secret, and the one-time code to GitHub and receives the access token in return. The access token should then be persisted in a store (such as Redis) or sent to the frontend as a cookie, as shown below: ` Step 4: App Accesses User Data with the Access Token Once you have the access token, you can use it to make authorized API requests on behalf of the user. All the app needs to do is include the access token in the Authorization header. ` And that is all. As long as the access token is valid, you can access any of the API services that were granted by the user in the authorization step. Conclusion OAuth2, though appearing complex initially, provides a strong method for authentication and authorization. For JavaScript developers, knowing its process helps in easy third-party integrations, giving users a safe way to access different services. Whether using GitHub or another platform, the main concepts are the same, allowing for better web applications. Check out our starter.dev backend showcase for the full code! 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